![]() Ranchers and miners formally established the town of Manzanar in 1910, but abandoned the town by 1929 after the City of Los Angeles purchased the water rights to virtually the entire area. Long before the first prisoners arrived in March 1942, Manzanar was home to Native Americans, who mostly lived in villages near several creeks in the area. Manzanar (which means "apple orchard" in Spanish) was identified by the United States National Park Service as the best-preserved of the former camp sites, and was designated the Manzanar National Historic Site. Located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada in California's Owens Valley between the towns of Lone Pine to the south and Independence to the north, it is approximately 230 miles (370 km) northeast of Los Angeles. ![]() Manzanar is most widely known as the site of one of ten camps where over 110,000 Japanese Americans were imprisoned during World War II. The self-determination spawned by the war accelerated decolonization movements in Asia and Africa, while Europe itself began moving toward integration. The United Nations was formed in the hope of preventing another such conflict. This set the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 45 years. The Allies won the war, and as a result, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the world's leading superpowers. Over 70 million people, the majority of them civilians, were killed, making it the deadliest conflict in human history. It involved the mobilization of over 100 million military personnel, making it the most widespread war in history, and placed the participants in a state of " total war", which erased the distinction between civil and military resources and resulted in the complete activation of a nation's economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities for the purposes of the war effort. The war split the majority of the world's nations into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. ![]() It began as the joining of what had initially been two separate conflicts, with the first beginning in Asia in 1937 (the Second Sino-Japanese War) and the other beginning in Europe in 1939 (the German and Soviet invasion of Poland). World War II, or the Second World War, was a global military conflict.
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